Complete Polity Download in PDF
Complete Polity Download in PDF
Historical Background
British came to India in 1600 as a trader in the form of East India Company. 1765 – Diwani right (revenue and civil justice) – Bengal, Bihar and Orissa. This started its career as a territorial power. 1858 – Sepoy Mutiny; the British Crown assumed direct responsibility for the governance of India. Continued until India was granted Independence on August 15, 1947. With Independence came the need of a Constitution. Suggested by M. N. Roy (a pioneer of communist movement in India) in 1934. Constituent Assembly was formed for this purpose in 1946. January 26, 1950, the Constitution came into being. Various features of the Constitution and Polity have their roots in the British Rule.
THE COMPANY RULE (1773–1858)
1) Regulating Act of 1773
- Great constitutional importance.
- First step taken by British Government to control and regulate the affairs of EIC in India.
- Recognised for the first time the political and administrative functions of the Company.
- Laid the foundations of central administration in India.
लोहिया स्वच्छ बिहार अभियान फॉर्म | स्वयं शपथ पत्र फॉर्म
Features
- Governor of Bengal became the Governor-General of Bengal.
- Bombay and Madras presidencies were made subordinate to the Governor-General of Bengal.
- Created an Executive Council of four members to assist him.
- Governor-General: Lord Warren Hastings.
- 1774 – Supreme Court at Calcutta comprising one Chief Justice and three judges.
- Prohibited servants of the Company from engaging in any private trade or accepting gifts or bribes.
- Control of British Government over the Company through the Court of Directors (governing body